{"id":3639,"date":"2018-02-01T17:28:29","date_gmt":"2018-02-01T16:28:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sjofartsmuseum.ax\/segelsjofarten-2-2-2\/"},"modified":"2025-08-11T11:01:14","modified_gmt":"2025-08-11T08:01:14","slug":"safety-at-sea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sjofartsmuseum.april.ax\/en\/safety-at-sea\/","title":{"rendered":"Safety at Sea"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Havet och vinden \u00e4r m\u00e4ktiga naturkrafter som m\u00e4nniskan inte r\u00e5r p\u00e5. D\u00e4remot finns det mycket man kan g\u00f6ra f\u00f6r att st\u00e4rka s\u00e4kerheten ombord och i hamn.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Segelfartyg i storm<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Sailors\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
Sj\u00f6m\u00e4n i oljerockar<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Att arbeta till sj\u00f6ss inneb\u00e4r m\u00e5nga risker, uppkomna b\u00e5de av naturens krafter och genom m\u00e4nskliga misstag b\u00e5de till havs och i hamn. Lots- och fyrv\u00e4sendet g\u00f6r sj\u00f6farten s\u00e4krare men mot havets och vindens makt kan m\u00e4nniskan inte m\u00e4ta sig. Det \u00e4r m\u00e5nga faktorer som p\u00e5verkar s\u00e4kerheten till havs. Det handlar om fartygets kondition och utrustning, om bes\u00e4ttningens utbildning och larmberedskap, om s\u00e4kra trafikleder och om v\u00e4lfungerande kommunikation och r\u00e4ddningsberedskap i land.\u00a0Trots att mycket g\u00f6rs f\u00f6r att f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttra s\u00e4kerheten ombord och i hamnarna \u00e4r\u00a0fartygsolyckor en oundviklig del av sj\u00f6farten, orsakade av naturens krafter eller den m\u00e4nskliga faktorn.\u00a0<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Krigstillst\u00e5nd g\u00f6r naturligtvis farvattnen \u00e4nnu farligare. 1900-talets tv\u00e5 v\u00e4rldskrig f\u00f6rde med sig sv\u00e5ra f\u00f6rluster ocks\u00e5 f\u00f6r \u00c5land. Den st\u00f6rsta enskilda krigsf\u00f6rlusten intr\u00e4ffade under f\u00f6rsta v\u00e4rldskriget, d\u00e5 ss Skiftet gick p\u00e5 en tysk mina strax utanf\u00f6r Mariehamn i december 1916. Fartyget sj\u00f6nk p\u00e5 ett par minuter och av de 91 personer som befann sig ombord omkom 86.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Missa inte<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tM\u00e4rkets fyrapparatur<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

M\u00e4rkets fyr, som ligger precis p\u00e5 gr\u00e4nsen mellan Sverige och Finland, togs i bruk 1885. Fyrens ljusanordning var en fransktillverkad E Barbier & Fenestre. Den roterande linstrumman och specialarrangemanget av linser och prismor gjorde M\u00e4rket till Finlands f\u00f6rsta fyr med blinkande ljuskarakt\u00e4r. Ljusanordningen fungerade med lyspetroleum fram till 1956 d\u00e5 fyren elektrifierades. M\u00e4rkets fyrapparatur best\u00e5r av ett urverk och en br\u00e4nsletank. Urverket gjorde att linsen roterade medan vingarna reglerade farten. Loden h\u00e4ngde ner fr\u00e5n urverket och de vevades upp f\u00f6r hand. Urverket satt under linsen i fyrtornet, 2-3 v\u00e5ningar upp. Linsen roterade tre timmar och drogs sedan upp av fyrvaktaren. M\u00e4rkets fyr var bemannad fram till 1976 och var d\u00e4rmed den sista av Finlands fyrar att automatiseras.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPlimsollm\u00e4rket<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

Plimsollm\u00e4rket \u00e4r viktigt ur sj\u00f6s\u00e4kerhetssynpunkt. Det markerar hur djupt ett fartyg kan lastas i olika vatten- och temperaturf\u00f6rh\u00e5llanden f\u00f6r att bibeh\u00e5lla sin flytkraft och stabilitet. Utg\u00e5ngspunkten \u00e4r den maximala nedlastningen i havsvatten, vilken markeras av den horisontella linjen i plimsollm\u00e4rket och av lastm\u00e4rke S (sommar i havsvatten). De \u00f6vriga lastm\u00e4rkena markerar nedlastning i tropisk s\u00f6tvatten (TF), tropiskt havsvatten (T), vinter i havsvatten (W) och vinter i Nordatlanten (WNA). De tv\u00e5 bokst\u00e4verna i plimsollm\u00e4rket anger vilket klassningss\u00e4llskap fartyget tillh\u00f6r.
Plimsollm\u00e4rket har sitt namn efter den brittiske politikern Samuel Plimsoll (1824-1898). Han engagerade sig starkt i sj\u00f6s\u00e4kerhetsfr\u00e5gor och gick h\u00e5rt ut mot redare som medvetet riskerade sj\u00f6m\u00e4ns liv genom att \u00f6verlasta sina fartyg. Det var p\u00e5 hans intitiativ som det obligatoriska lastm\u00e4rket p\u00e5 fartyg kom till, en insats som f\u00f6r\u00e4rat honom epitetet \u201dthe sailor\u2019s friend\u201d.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPlus livboj<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

Det bl\u00e5ste h\u00e5rt och sikten var d\u00e5lig n\u00e4r j\u00e4rnbarken Plus p\u00e5 natten den 14 december 1933 blossade efter lots utanf\u00f6r Kobba Klintar. Dessv\u00e4rre var alla lotsar ute p\u00e5 uppdrag s\u00e5 Plus bes\u00e4ttning blev tvungen att p\u00e5 egen hand f\u00f6rs\u00f6ka n\u00e5 Mariehamn. Fartyget hamnade utanf\u00f6r farleden och grundst\u00f6tte med s\u00e5dan kraft att fartyget genast vattenfylldes. Det fanns ingen tid att s\u00e4tta ut livb\u00e5tarna utan bes\u00e4ttningen m\u00e5ste kasta sig i det iskalla vattnet och f\u00f6rs\u00f6ka simma iland. Av Plus bes\u00e4ttning p\u00e5 sexton man lyckades fyra ta sig till Kors\u00f6, d\u00e4r de togs omhand av \u00f6ns fyrvaktare. De tolv \u00f6vriga omkom.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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M\u00e4rkets fyrapparatur<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Plimsollm\u00e4rket<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Plus livboj<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Fler utst\u00e4llningar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The sea and the wind are powerful natural elements that no human can tame. That said, there is plenty that can be done to promote safety on board and ashore.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1355,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"generate_page_header":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[69],"tags":[92],"class_list":["post-3639","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-utstallningar-en","tag-sjosakerhet-en","infinite-scroll-item","no-featured-image-padding"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\r\nSafety at Sea - \u00c5lands Sj\u00f6fartsmuseum<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Safety at Sea - \u00c5lands Sj\u00f6fartsmuseum\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The sea and the wind are powerful natural elements that no human can tame. 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